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To evaluate the feasibility and safety of suprapubic three-arm robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (STA-RLRP). Fifteen patients with prostatic cancer underwent STA-RLRP. All the 15 procedures were completed successfully, without the need for ancillary trocars or additional instruments. No patient required conversion to standard laparoscopy or open surgery. STA-RLRP is feasible and safe with good short-term tumor control, satisfactory recovery of urinary control function and good cosmetic outcome, which is worthy of clinical application.
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ObjectiveThe clinical research team is the key to improving clinical research ability. The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems with the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals， and to explore countermeasures. MethodsOn the basis of literature review and consultation with experts， a self-made questionnaire was distributed online to survey 300 relevant staff engaged in clinical research in 10 tertiary specialized hospitals in Shanghai. The severity of existing problems was analyzed from four aspects： clinical research personnel planning， recruitment and allocation； training and development； evaluation and performance management； career management. Then in-depth personal interviews were conducted with the main heads of clinical research departments in some hospitals. ResultsFour problems have relatively high severity scores， with 3.65±1.0， 3.43±1.0， 3.53±1.0， and 3.44±1.0 points， respectively. They are： “The development of the clinical research team is incomplete， and there is a lack of stable multidisciplinary and multi-level talent teams”， “A systematic and continuous clinical research training system has not been established”， “An objective and fair evaluation index system has not yet been established”， and “There are obstacles in the career development and promotion path of clinical research professionals”. ConclusionTo further enhance the clinical research capabilities of hospitals， we urgently need to establish multidisciplinary and multi-level clinical research teams， strengthen the training of clinical researchers on their clinical research capabilities， establish a scientific evaluation index system and incentive methods， and explore career development that meets the characteristics of clinical researchers.
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ObjectiveThe clinical research team is the key to improving clinical research ability. The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems with the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals， and to explore countermeasures. MethodsOn the basis of literature review and consultation with experts， a self-made questionnaire was distributed online to survey 300 relevant staff engaged in clinical research in 10 tertiary specialized hospitals in Shanghai. The severity of existing problems was analyzed from four aspects： clinical research personnel planning， recruitment and allocation； training and development； evaluation and performance management； career management. Then in-depth personal interviews were conducted with the main heads of clinical research departments in some hospitals. ResultsFour problems have relatively high severity scores， with 3.65±1.0， 3.43±1.0， 3.53±1.0， and 3.44±1.0 points， respectively. They are： “The development of the clinical research team is incomplete， and there is a lack of stable multidisciplinary and multi-level talent teams”， “A systematic and continuous clinical research training system has not been established”， “An objective and fair evaluation index system has not yet been established”， and “There are obstacles in the career development and promotion path of clinical research professionals”. ConclusionTo further enhance the clinical research capabilities of hospitals， we urgently need to establish multidisciplinary and multi-level clinical research teams， strengthen the training of clinical researchers on their clinical research capabilities， establish a scientific evaluation index system and incentive methods， and explore career development that meets the characteristics of clinical researchers.
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To determine the effect of a recombinant lentivirus containing human stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene on the expression of c-kit protein in damaged interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) under high glucose condition. Methods: After isolation of ICC, the cells were cultured for 24 hours until the cells were adherent. After identification by inverted microscope and immunofluorescence, ICC cells were divided into two groups: A control group and a high glucose group. The control group was added with a medium containing 5 mmol/L of glucose. The high glucose group was added with a medium containing 20 mmol/L of glucose. After 48 h of continuous cultivation, the high glucose group was divided into 3 subgroups: A blank group, an empty lentivirus group, and an experimental group. The blank group, the empty lentivirus group, and the experimental group were added a medium containing PBS solution, empty lentivirus, and a recombinant lentivirus containing the SCL gene with a glucose concentration of 5 mmol/L, respectively. The cultures were incubated for 24 and 48 h. The expression of c-kit protein in ICC in each group was detected by Western blot. Results: After 24 or 48 h, the expression of c-kit protein in ICC was significantly lower in the blank group and the lentivirus group than that in the control group, and the expression of c-kit protein in ICC was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the blank group and the empty lentivirus group, but it was still lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The recombinant lentivirus of SCL gene can up-regulate the expression of c-kit protein in functionally impaired ICC under high glucose condition.
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Humans , Glucose , Interstitial Cells of Cajal , Lentivirus , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitABSTRACT
Objective Nanobacteria are one of the factors for urinary calculi and its exact pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the CaSR -Claudin-14 regulatory channel in the formation of calculi . Methods Sixty Wistar male rats were equally randomized into a normal control group and nanobacterial group , the former injected via the tail vein with 1.2 mL of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution while the latter with 1.2 mL of nanobacterial suspension , both for once.Three of the rats in each group were sacrificed every week in the first 10 weeks after injection.Histopathological examination was performed every week to evaluate the stone formation in the kidneys of the rats , and the expressions of the CaSR and Claudin -14 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results From the 1st to the 10th week after injection, crystal particles were observed in the rat kidneys of the nanobacterial group, but not in the normal controls (52.4％ vs 0％, P<0.01).The expressions of CaSR and Claudin -14 showed no statistically significant differences between the nanobacterial and control groups in the first 3 weeks (P>0.05) but both gradually in-creased in the former group from the 4th to the 10th week as compared with the latter, mainly in membrane of the renal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion The increased activity of the CaSR -Claudin-14 regulatory channel may play an important role in the formation of nanobacterial renal stone .
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Purpose To investigate the effects and mechanism of 17β-estradiol on the apoptosis and inflammation of renal tubular cells in rats with renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods All the female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into four groups: Control group, Sham group, I/R group and estrogen plus I/R (E2 + I/R) group (n = 8). Right kidney of the rat was excised and artery of the left kidney was blockaded for 45 min.24 h after the reperfusion, we collected the blood and nephridial tissue of each group. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the expression level of BUN and Cr in blood. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes and the degree of inflammatory reaction of the ischemia/reperfusion injury kidney. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. The expression levels of Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein were measured by Western blot, while the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration in each group were tested by immunofluorescence (IF). Results Compared with the Sham group, expression level of BUN, Cr and Cleaved-Caspase-3 in I/R group significantly increased (P＜0.05) as well as the number of apoptotic cells (P＜0.05). In the meantime, inflammatory reaction significantly aggravated (P＜0.05) and the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes increased remarkably (P＜0.05). However, expression level of BUN, Cr and Gleaved-Caspase-3 in E2 + I/R group decreased significantly (P＜0.05) and the pathological damage in the kidney was alleviated (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group, furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells decreased (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. The inflammatory reaction significantly blunted (P＜0.05) and the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes decreased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. Conclusion Estrogen can inhibit the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3 in renal tissue during ischemia/reperfusion injury and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. It can also reduce the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes, thus playing a protective role on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Objective To observe the effects of green fluorescence protein mediated by lentivirus in bladder, and to de?termine the amount of virus obtained good transfection effects. Methods lentivirus carring GFP gene was perfused using transurethral approach into bladder of guinea pigs. Samples of bladder, liver, kidney and lungs were collected for frozen sec?tions after feeding seven days. The distribution of green fluorescence was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Re?sults The titer of lentivirus was 4 × 108. GFP was found under the mucosa when the amount of lentivirus transurethral was 30μL. GFP was distributed widely in muscle layer using 40μL lentivirus. GFP was detected even stronger in muscle layer when the amount was 50μL. GFP was found in muscle layer when 25μL lentivirus was injected intravenously. GFP was not found in other tissues than in bladder via transurethral perfusion. There was higher GFP in liver, lungs and other organs than in bladder via intravenous injection. Conclusion Lentivirus can mediate GFP transfecting bladder of guinea pig successful?ly and escape the distribution of GFP all over the body intravenously, which will bring new research direction and method for clinical treatment of diseases in bladder.
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Objective The calcium oxalate stone is the most common type of the kidney stones.By building the rat renal calcium oxalate stone model, preliminary study the function of CaSR-Claudin14 regulating pathways on renal calcium oxalate stone for-mation model in rats. Methods 30 Male S-D rats were randomly divided into control group (n=15) and model group (n=15). Adult male S-D rats were given ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride to induce urolithiasis.Application of full automatic biochemical analyzer to test rat renal function and the changes of urine biochemical index.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CaSR protein;RT-PCR was used to detect the Claudin-14 mRNA expression;Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of CaSR and Claudin-14 protein respectively. Results By observing model group has large stones crystallization under light microsco-py;model group rats 24 h urine calcium are significantly higher than control group([9.66 ±1.10]mmol vs [3.26 ±0.60]mmol, P0.05 ) .Expression of Claudin-14 mRNA in the model group is significantly higher than normal control group([0.150 ± 0.004] vs [0.047 ±0.008], P<0.01); Expression of Claudin-14 protein in the model group is significantly higher than normal control group([1.526 ±0.089] vs 0, P<0.01).Expression of CaSR protein in the model group is significantly higher than normal control group([6.697 ±0.051] vs [5.016 ±0.053], P<0.05). Conclusion CaSR can raise the expression of Claudin-14, increase re-nal tubular urinary calcium excretion to promote renal calcium oxalate stone formation.
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Objective To study the beneficial effect and mechanism of Alcea rosea roots in nephrolithiasis model in-duced by 1%ethylene glycol in rats. Methods We randomly divided 60 male Wistar rats into six groups,including control group, model group, Alcea rosea roots lower-dose preventive group, Alcea rosea roots high-dose preventive group, Alcea ro-sea roots lower-dose curative group, Alcea rosea roots high-dose curative group. Control group was free to access food and water;model group was given 1%ethylene glycol drinking water and was fed with normal diet, preventive group was given 1%ethylene glycol drink and Alcea rosea roots in low (250 mg/kg) or high dose (500 mg/kg) each day, curative group re-ceived 1%ethylene glycol drink each day and Alcea rosea roots in low or high dose from day 15 to day 28. At the end of the experiment, various renal functional and injury markers such as urine volume, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, urea, creati-nine, and oxalate were evaluated using urine, serum, and kidney homogenates. The kidneys were removed and prepared for histological evaluation of calcium oxalate deposits. Results In model groups, urine output, urea, creatinine, 24 h urine Ca2+, and oxalate and MDA were increased compared to those in control group(P＜0.05). GSH and SOD were increased in preventative and curative groups compared to those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05). The urea, creatinine, 24 h urine Ca2+, urine oxalate, MDA were reduced in preventive and curative groups compared to those in the model group(P＜0.05). The number and size of calcium oxalate crystal deposits were also less and smaller, and the kidney damage was less severe in pre-ventive and curative groups compared to in the model group. Conclusion The extract of Alcea rosea roots can prevent and treat calcium oxalate urinary stone formation in rats and protect renal function.
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Objective To determine vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-460 gene polymorphism in Uyghurs and its relationship to urolithiasis in south Xinjiang. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),gene sequencing and genetic analysis methods were used in 200 urolithiasis patients of Uyghurs, and 200 healthy Uyghurs. Results The distribution of genotype and allele had no significant difference between urolithiasis patients and normal controls (P＞0. 05). The frequencies for the CC,TT and CT genotypes in patients with urolithiasis and normal controls were 1.5 %, 29.0 %, 69.5 % and 0. 5 %, 27.5 %, 72.0 %, respectively. The frequencies for C and T allele were 36.2%,63.7% and 36.9% ,63.1%, respectively. Conclusions The results of VEGF-460 gene polymorphisms indicate no significant relationship between patients with turolithiasis and normal controls in Uyghurs in south Xinjiang,which may not be urolithiasis susceptibility genetic locus.